Spectacular Manifestations of Systemic Diseases of the Snake. A Histopathological Description of Four Cases

Abstract. This paper reports histopathological fndings in the spectacles of four snakes diagnosed with systemic gout, inclusion body disease, disseminated lymphoma and myeloproliferatve disease, respectvely. Gout was characterised by urate ghost tophi in the stroma and outer epithelium of the spectacle. Inclusion body disease affected all layers of the spectacle with intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions. Two cases of neoplasia, lymphoma and myeloproliferatve disease, affected the ocular adnexa and the spectacular transiton zone. These cases provide novel insight into how the spectacle may respond to four different systemic diseases with world-wide distributon.